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Original article:  https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1012 MalaCards information score – MIFTS --> how many researches have been done, the higher the number meaning that there are many studies out there Score --> the relationship with the keyword, the higher of the score means that the more relevant to the keyword In this case, Malaria is super related to Thailand (endemic disease) - However, prostate cancer is not related to Thailand (comparing to cholangiocarcinoma) but there are so many studies regarding this type of cancer.

Benchmark dataset คือ เซตของข้อมูลที่จะเอาไปใช้ในการสร้างโมเดลในการทำนายผล Traning dataset คือ เซตของข้อมูล (benchmark dataset) ที่เราจะเอาไปสร้างโมเดล เพื่อหาความสัมพันธ์ในกลุ่มของข้อมูล Validation dataset คือ เซตของข้อมูลที่จะนำไปทดสอบโมเดลการทำนายผล เพื่อดูว่าอัลกอรึทึ่มที่ใช้ในการสร้างโมเดลทำนายผลนั้นมีความแม่นยำเพียงใด Curation คือ กระบวนการเตรียมข้อมูลจากแหล่งข้อมูลดิบเพื่อนำเอาไปใช้ในการประมวลผล หรือสร้างโมเดล

The knowledge of cell death has been updated from time to time. I used to know only three main pathways back to the old day, apoptosis (intrinsic and extrinsic), necrosis, and autophagy. When exposing myself on DNA damage and repair research field, the more I dig the more I feel the cell has so many systems to protect the genetic materials, if the genetic materials are at risk, the cell would not pass along the wrong genetic materials to the next generation. Exceptionally, the cell has a defect in the protective system. I got this image from this paper: Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018 (doi: 10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4) It concludes up-to-date information as well as nomenclature of cell death.

I would like to mark for myself for trying to learn the new language. Polyglots are the person who is able to speak multi-languages. One of the comment pick up the key messages from the talks. 1.Polyglots don't have a special talent! 15:07 2.Every polyglot has their own method 16:34 3.Polyglots learn languages mostly by themselves 17:08 4.Polyglots create their own language material 18:31 5.Polyglots learn one language at a time 19:12 6.Polyglots spend much more time listening and speaking 20:32 7.Polyglots are not afraid to make mistakes 23:12 8.Polyglots have mastered the art of simplification 24:50 9.Polyglots learn in small chunks 26:20 10.Polyglots enjoy learning languages 27:10

I have watched this TedTalk for three times now. It reminds me of the teaching of Zen teacher "Thich Nhat Hanh" - drinking tea and thinking of the sky. Everything is connected from the environment to living organism. Also, it reminds me of the book that I have purchased but not finished reading yet (so many years ago). How small we are...

As far as I have read through the literature on cancer and cellular signaling; normal --> dysplasia (lesion) -->cancer It is not surprising that why tumor has heterogeneity and it is hard to beat. DNA is very prone to be mutated all the times, either external or internal sources. The internal source, for example, is from the metabolites being produced in the cell to keep the cell alive - the most important term that we have heard of is reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most of the macromolecules are rich in electron, one of which is DNA. Therefore, the DNA can be oxidized and their sequences are inevitably changed. I would say homeostasis is the term which anabolic system is equal to catabolic system. However, since our body has linked with the external environment, there ain't ways that the homeostasis will not be disturbed (for example, there might be the day that PM2.5 reaches to the hazardous level . Once the system has been interrupted, the cell will manage itself to ...

Note: Gamma-H2AX in recognition and signaling of DNA double-strand breaks in the context of chromatin (doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn550) Three PI3KK can phosphorylate H2Ax; ATM, ATR and DNA-PK – each requires partner to recognize the break differently. MRN-ATM (heterochromatin region, S/G2-phase), ATRIP-ATR (stalled replication fork or bulk-damage entering to S-phase) and KU70/80-DNA-PK (occur throughout cell cycle). Scoring gH2Ax requires attention since it is not solely represented DSB. Remaining of gH2Ax foci does not mean the DSB has not been fixed. It may remain there to signal the HR to do more additional repair after seal with NHEJ, or the phosphatase system might be malfunction. The further condensation of the 30nm fiber as well as higher levels of chromatin condensation, which culminate with the 10 000-fold compaction of the stretched DNA fiber in the 700nm metaphase chromosomes, are less well understood, but are facilitated by the linker histone H1 and condensins. By ...