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Note: Bladder cancer therapy using a conformationally fluid tumoricidal peptide complex Doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23748-y Overall Define a peptide-based molecular approach for targeting and killing tumor cells Evidence of its clinical application ( NCT03560479 ) Peptide -- > 39 residue showed to gain lethality for killing tumor cells by forming oleic acid complexes (alpha1-oleate) Using NMR to study the structural complex of alpha1-oleate Lipid core is surrounded by alpha-helical peptide motif Clinical trial Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Shred tumor cells contain alpha1-oleate -- no side effects Treated tumor -- demonstrate apoptosis Toxicity comes from the folding status Formation of amorphous aggregates and amyloid fibrils Antimicrobial peptide the ability to destabilize lipid bilayers has been proposed to reside in the three dimensional conformation rather than the amino acid sequence Function of alpha-lactalbumin In its native state, the protein serves as a substrate specifie...

Note: Apoptosis induced by a human milk protein Doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.17.8064 Overall Human milk is surprisingly beneficial for killing cancer cells. Analysis of this effect revealed that a component of milk in a particular physical state- multimeric a-lactalbumin -is a potent Ca2+-elevating and apoptosis-inducing agent with broad (selective in some extent) cytotoxic activity. Multimeric alpha lactabumin Killed  transformed cells Embryonic cells Lymphoid cells Not kill Mature epithelial cells Thus, they mentioned that human milk not only contain the ability to kill microbes but maintain the function of lymphocytes and epithelium (I think they mean to keep the balance between two populations -- lymphocytes and epithelial cells) Analysing the cytotoxic mechanism aids to design antitumor agents. From the experiments; they noticed that the components within the breast milk can change the morphology of transformed cells which look like apoptosis. Active component was later identified as ...