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Paper: Ring finger protein 43 expression is associated with genetic alteration status and poor prognosis among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.12.027) Marks -- P < .05, considered statistically significant (even for Kaplan-Meier analysis) Abstract; RNF43-- 1.central maintenance of genome integrity 2.cellular homeostasis Ring finger ligases -- involve in malignancy RNF43 -- frequently mutated in many type of malignancy (ICC is part of this malignancy) Gap; Expression level of RNF43 in ICC never been observed Purposed; 1.Investigate expression level in ICC 2.Identify RNF43 polymorphisms in ICC tissues 3.Observe correlation between RNF43 expression vs RNF43 mutation/polymorphisms, clinicopathological features and prognosis Finding; 1.RNF43 low correlated with rs2257205 and RNF43-somatic mutations 2.down reg of RNF43 (both protein and mRNA level) related to overall survival poor (meaning RNF43 could play role as tumor suppressor) 3.RNF43 ex

Human genome; 1. ~3,000*10^6 bases (just remember that it is around 1 CD capacity - 3-4GB) 2. ~20,000 Protein coding genes 3. ~1% of genome --Protein coding exons human SNP; bases change in every 1000 bases therefore, human SNPs (3000*10^6)/1000 = 3 millions (3*10^6) Genome different within the species (except twins) 99.9% identical PS.There is a group of people interested in the same thing; http://book.bionumbers.org/ https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/search.aspx -- Prefix for number Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix