My note on paper: Molecular diagnosis of colorectal tumors by expression profiles of 50 genes expressed differentially in adenomas and carcinomas

Paper: Molecular diagnosis of colorectal tumors by expression profiles of 50 genes expressed differentially in adenomas and carcinomas
(doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205518)

Abstract:
Most colon cancer develop from:
-adenoma (benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin) to carcinoma

Gap:
unk molecular mechanisms of this transition

Aim:
-analyzing gene-expression profiles of 20 colorectal tumors using microarray 23,040 genes panel
*9 adenomas (pre-malignant)
*11 differentiated adenocarcinomas (malignant)

Result:
-identified 51 upregulate vs normal colonic epithelium
-identified 376 downregulate vs normal colonic epithelium
-identified 50 different between adenomas vs carcinomas

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Intro:
-Mention about the advance stage of colorectal cancer which therapeutic is not effective
-Seek for early stage detection of colorectal cancer or pre-malignant lesion - block before further advance development

Results:
1. 771 genes passed the determined criteria
2. Adenomas has different profiles from carcinoma - suggest colonic tumors can be molecularly classified
3. Two major groups were further investigated

Discussion:

-Commonly upregulated (found in both tumors); 51 genes - mostly related to RNA/protein processing

-Commonly downregulated (found in both tumors); 376 genes - mostly related to apoptosis

-Different between Pre-malignant and malignant; mostly related to hypoxia

-Both tumors shared several genetic characteristics, however, show distinct profiles between pre-malignenant vs malinant; can be applied to the drug target that stop the transformation from pre-malignant to malignant

-MDS (molecular diagnostic score) - helps the pathologist to differentiate between pre-malignant vs malignant - require more samples to evaluate the possibility

Method:
16 patients (4 patients have both tumors)
11 differentiated adenocarcinomas
9 adenomas